Only negotiate when selling or buying a business.  This may seem an unusual heading to an article but it now keeps happening too many times and I feel compelled to write about it.

There is no question that selling a business is difficult as there are so many items to consider.  Equally, buying a business is extremely difficult not the least because the buyer may not know the seller but more importantly to the buyer, because they are yet to fully understand how the business works and what has made it successful.

When you put these basic unknowns together and add the imprecise art of valuing a business, both the seller and the buyer understand there will be a negotiation on the final purchase price of the business.  What is intriguing from my perspective is that sellers and buyers can spend a lot of time and negotiating energy to purely focus on the purchase price, which is important as the seller does not want to take less than they think the business is worth and the buyer does not want to pay any more.
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To sell a business with an exit plan is simply good business.  A business is a ball of energy, never sitting still but reacting and moving in different directions as the economy changes, new tools and innovations come to market, the stress and strain from competition and the ever changing demands of customers.  The challenge to succeed, feed their family, help and create happy customers and other individual motivations are what gets a business owner out of bed every morning.  It also includes the chance to do something different, learn something new, to see the rewards of hard work, to plant new ideas and watch them grow or to help someone do something they thought they may not be able to do.

If the business owner loses the hunger to learn, be the vision and leader of the business, it’s time for a change.  Because a business is so dynamic, it requires leadership.  If this doesn’t happen it will shrivel and die.  Capital, time and energy must keep moving otherwise it will slowly die and fade away.
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Successfully sell your business

Why would you bother when selling your business to include a sales and marketing plan?  After all, the sales and marketing plan is a document that most business owners don’t have time to get around to put together.  I’m not sure why that is as it’s more important than the business plan and indeed complement it but more importantly, when the business owner wants to sell their business it can be the difference in the business selling or closing its doors.

Why is it more important than the business plan?  The business plan outlines the vision, strategic direction and business and financial goals of the business.  The sales and marketing plan breaks down the business plan to show how you are going to get there and the tactics to be used to attract the customers it needs.  Or more importantly, the sales and marketing plan is about growing the business and how to maximize the use of precious and limited resources including money, knowledge, expertise and most important of all; time.
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Hopefully you will make a New Year’s resolution which includes building a business plan and in it, your personal and business goals.  You will also do a budget to make sure you can afford to execute what is in your plans.  Hopefully you are rested and as they say, “all dressed up and ready to go.”  You are also saying “Bring it on.”  My question is therefore, you know WHAT you want to do but HOW are you going to do it?

Chances are you have a list of projects and tasks you want and need to do.  It probably does not include answering phones, sending and receiving emails, reading articles and newsletters, attending conferences, staying on top of compliance items that affect your industry but numerous day to day activities that lead most entrepreneurs at the end of the day to say “Where did the day go?”  That’s the point of a Productivity plan.

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The life blood of what we do as human beings and the glue that keeps us all together as a society whether at a local, regional, national or indeed international level is the ability to communicate with one another.  Many times that communication breaks down and many times this leads to negative consequences.  All entrepreneurs are familiar with a Business Plan and a Sales and Marketing Plan but not everyone has heard of a Communication plan.  So what is a Communication plan?

A Communication plan is an attempt to standardize the message that goes out from the business to its customers.  It complements and dovetails with a Business Plan and Sales and Marketing Plan.  In some instances there can be an overlap but essentially it includes all written, spoken and electronic communications.
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Buying or selling a business is a complex matter.  There is no question about it.  The complexities start from the moment a buyer and seller start interacting.  These include, for example, the buyer not having any history or knowledge about the operation of the business and so have to rely entirely on the representations of the seller.  Conversely, the seller lives and breathes the business, knows its ups and downs as well as its strengths and weaknesses.  My Golden Rule when assisting with a business transaction is for each party to put their feet in the shoes of the other party.  In other words, the seller should see things from the buyer’s perspective and the buyer should see things from the seller’s perspective.
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The sales and marketing plan is a document that most entrepreneurs don’t have time to put together.  I’m not sure why that is as it’s just as important as the business plan and indeed complements it.

The business plan outlines the vision, strategic direction and business and financial goals of the business.  The sales and marketing plan breaks down the business plan to show how you are going to get there and the tactics to use to attract the right customers.

The sales and marketing plan can be as complex and as detailed as you wish to make it.  It can include a list of tactics you could deploy, it can list and detail only specific tactics you plan to use or a combination of both.  It’s important, though, that you understand how each idea is to be used but you have some idea of the expected results each tactic should bring to the business.  There is an old adage in business management: If you cannot measure it you cannot manage it.  There is also a famous quote that says “I’m convinced that 50% of my marketing is effective, I just can’t tell which 50%.”
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One of the hardest aspects of being an entrepreneur is staying on top of some things you may not like to do because you either don’t enjoy them or simply aren’t good at them…or both.  Doing math back in school just wasn’t fun for me.  I enjoyed almost every other subject except anything to do with numbers as there seemed too many rules and exceptions to remember.

Most entrepreneurs do not enjoy numbers.  They are happy to delegate the task of debits and credits or journal entries or double entry book-keeping to someone who enjoys it.  Define your core competencies and what you do well and then delegate to other people who have the right skill set and aptitude to do the things they do well.  In simple business terms it is called ‘outsourcing.’
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Intellectual Property can sneak up on some businesses as it may start from a “good idea” that helps the business survive then gradually become an integral part of the business and later become a critical part of its existence. Interestingly, Intellectual Property also comes in many shapes and sizes. A business owner therefore needs to recognize these different shapes and sizes so if they choose to sell their business, they have the right legal protection in place that protects an intellectual property asset and therefore rightly earns the owner the amount it is worth.

So what are the different types of intellectual property? The IRS recognizes the following when they are part of a business transaction.
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If you are thinking of selling your small business, one of your first questions to answer is more than likely; where do I start?

One of your first starting points is to be clear exactly what you are selling.  This may seem obvious but many sellers think they will deal with it when they get an offer.  So let’s break this down and look a little more closely at it.

In simple terms, the two most important things to a buyer when looking to buy a business are current cash flow and potential.  From the buyer’s perspective, the cash flow is the fuel that feeds the business to pay the suppliers, employees, landlord, tax man, lenders and to keep the business going.  In addition, they need cash flow to feed their family, pay the mortgage, pay any loans and have something left over after all their work and capital investment in the business with a little in reserve in case something unexpected happens.
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Not everyone will agree but I am sure it’s close to the truth that buying or selling a business is unlike anything else.  Here are four reasons.

First, the price to list a business for sale generally comes from a valuation.  The rules of a valuation come from the law and legal cases as well as the Internal Revenue Code and custom.  The price for most other items of value come from market comparables (for example, when valuing a house), looking up a book or some online site such as Kelly Blue Book (for cars) or results from eBay or some other online service (for any item.)  That is, there is no legal interference with the value of any of these items except a business.
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The law requires us to put on a seat belt when we get into our car and drive. The law also requires us to have car insurance in case we have an accident. Perhaps we do not like the government telling us what we can and cannot do but one thing the government does not tell us to do is put together a sound personal financial plan.

For those of us closer to retirement than the early stages of our career, if we do not have a sound personal financial plan then our chances of enjoying our retirement are becoming less by the day; or as now seems more and more likely, the date we start our retirement will be pushed out further.
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There is a US Court of Appeals judge by the name of Judge Learned Hand and he lived from 1872 to 1961 or until he was almost 90 years old. Originally from upstate New York, Hand graduated from Harvard Law School and became a lawyer. At 37 years of age he became a judge appointed to the Federal District of Manhattan and he became well known and respected for the quality of his judgments.

What caught my attention was one of the best quotes I’ve read regarding the paying of taxes. His quote is “…over and over again the Courts have said that there is nothing sinister in so arranging affairs as to keep taxes as low as possible. Everyone does it, rich and poor alike and all do it right, for nobody owes any public duty to pay more than the law demands.”
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If you embrace the saying “Two things in life are certain: death and taxes” and you own a business, it is a good idea to put a plan in place to protect the business. You protect the business not only when you own and operate it but just as importantly when you decide it is either time to sell so you get the best and highest price possible or if you decide to transfer it to your children or employees, it is in the best condition possible.

If the plan is to transition the business to a new owner and do it over a one to three year time period, the best way to do everything correctly is by using an Exit Plan. So what’s an Exit Plan?
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One of the questions I am asked from entrepreneurs going in to business for the first time is what legal entity do I think they should use. My suggestion is that they simply open their business as a sole proprietor and once the business becomes established, then look to research and understand the different options and their costs so they create the right legal entity.

For some situations there is no choice but to move to a specific legal entity. For example, if two friends wish to create a business and they want it to be a partnership, then a legal entity that serves that need is required. In other cases, some professions require a legal entity, for example, an accountant, attorney and a medical practitioner. However, for a retailer, distributor, restaurateur or manufacturer it probably does not have that urgency and can wait. Most small business owners believe they need the legal protection of a separate legal entity to protect their personal assets but you can solve this problem with a good business insurance policy; which you will need for your business anyway.
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